Chromosome 6 Summary

Summary of Chromosome 6 by author Robin Cook: Chromosome 6 begins with the murder of an infamous Mafia figure, Carlo Franconi. His Mafia competitors are the number one suspects for the shooting, and these suspicions rise when Franconi’s body disappears from the morgue before the autopsy is carried out. Medical examiner Jack is confused and interested by the case, along with his partner Dr. Montgomery. However, their attention is sidetracked by the arrival of a mutilated, unidentifiable body that has been found in the river.The two doctors are disturbed by the appearance of the body, because it has been completely mutilated. When they discover that the body is also missing its liver, they go on a quest to find the reason why, which takes them into the dangerous jungles of Equatorial Guinea. Here the two men discover the scary possibilities of medicine and science and the unethical experiments being carried out on humans and animals. In Chromosome 6, there are two stories being told. The first story takes place mostly in New York, where the medical examiners are faced with the task of doing an autopsy on Carlo Franconi.Alongside that story, we are introduced to Kevin Marshal, a 34-year-old geek who works for GenSys, a biotech company. Kevin lives in Equatorial Guinea, where he’s doing research using Bonobos, a type of primate. Equatorial Guinea is where the second story takes place, where Kevin must solve a mystery of his own. Along the way he is helped by Melanie Becket and Candace Brickman. Then, Jack and Kevin's stories merge into one complicated, unified plot. Although Jack is the main character in this story, Kevin is by far the most memorable. Both the group in New York and the one in Africa risk their lives to learn their respective truths.

The Reality of Imagination

The Reality of the Imagination Rebecca Smarcz Poetry is a dichotomy of imagination and reality. It requires metaphors and abstract symbols as representatives of the poet’s imagination. These metaphors and symbols are depicted through concrete images in order to correlate with the reality that the reader and poet exist in. According to Roy Harvey Pearce’s essay Wallace Stevens: The Life of the Imagination, Stevens refers to himself as an â€Å"exponent of the imagination† and â€Å"As poet, he [Stevens] is†¦an ‘exponent of the imagination’†¦But, as human being, he finds that he must hold the imagination to concrete reality† (Pearce 117).Pearce, along with many other critics, believe that the diverging relationship between an imaginative world and reality is one of Stevens’ biggest concerns and struggles in his poetry. This battle between imagination and reality existed for Stevens in poetry as well as in his everyday life. In a letter to Ronald Lane Latimer in March 1937, Stevens wrote, â€Å"I have been trying to see the world about me both as I see it and as it is† (Beckett 117).This struggle between imagination and reality is extremely apparent in Stevens’ poetry, specifically in Evening Without Angels and A Fading of the Sun, both of which were published in the 1936 volume Ideas of Order. Stevens contrasts images of light and dark, sun and night, in Evening Without Angels and A Fading of the Sun in order to illustrate a dichotomy between imagination and reality as well as truth and individual perception.While Stevens establishes a strict opposing relationship in the beginnings of these specific poems, by the conclusion of each of the poems he recognizes that both imagination and truth are necessary components of art and life by the uniting imagination and reality as complements of each other, rather than divergent elements. He uses poetry as a medium to address the relationship between i magination and truth, and these poems are no exception. In the very beginning of A Fading of the Sun Stevens directly calls upon the audience to question the extremity between light and dark, and in turn, the conflict between imagination and reality.He begins with, â€Å"Who can think of the sun costuming clouds,† which directly asks the audience to imagine (Fading 1). The verb â€Å"to think,† while it can also convey an action dealing with factual knowledge, Stevens clearly uses it in this circumstance in an imaginative sense by the sun image he asks the audience to think of. The sun implies bright, openness, and light; therefore, it serves as a symbol for the imagination. With imagination there is room for interpretation and variations among individual imaginations.The double meaning of the verb â€Å"to think,† the factual versus the imaginative meaning, inherently adds to the struggle Stevens faces regarding imagination and reality when he writes poetry. Fu rthermore, Stevens establishes an opposing relationship between light and dark throughout the first three stanzas of A Fading of the Sun. In the first stanza Stevens calls upon the audience to imagine â€Å"the sun costuming clouds. † The image of the sun â€Å"costuming,† masking, or covering up the clouds is unrealistic and the reader can only rely on his imagination to picture this image (Fading 1).The sun can never cover up the clouds because of their location in the earth’s atmosphere; they are always in front of the sun. Furthermore, due to their density and chemical makeup the sun’s light will always be muffled when it tries to penetrate even the thinnest cloud. If the audience does go along with Stevens’ image of the sun masking the clouds, they imagine a scene in which they can only see the brightness of the sun with no shadows or darkness, just pure light, pure imagination.However, with this intense sunlight, â€Å"people are shaken† (Fading 2). Here, Stevens comments on the issue of poetry and life only having imagination, completely excluding truth and reality. People are uneasy with too much sunlight and imagination, with no reality to balance it out. In contrast to poetry and life having too much sunlight and imagination, Stevens also negatively remarks upon life and poetry being solely centered on darkness and reality. Darkness implies truth and definiteness because there is only one color with darkness: black.There is sureness in this color, there is no room for other interpretations, there is just black, just darkness, just reality and truth. Too much darkness causes people to â€Å"cry for help† and makes their bodies â€Å"grow[s] suddenly cold† (Fading 5, 7). People become lifeless and succumb to unhappiness when there is no imagination in their lives. With this opaque darkness â€Å"The tea is bad, bread sad,† ultimately, Stevens implies that imagination is like sustenance for the mind (Fading 8). Food gives energy to the body and is necessary for survival just as imagination is necessary for survival.Stevens tarnishes tea and bread in order to relate how the body becomes tarnished when it is only surrounded by reality and when humans exists without imagination. Without food â€Å"people die;† therefore, without imagination they cannot live their lives to the fullest (Fading 10). Moreover, Stevens affirms that it is impossible to be happy â€Å"without a book. † He states that it is a lie â€Å"If joy shall be without a book† (Fading 11). Here, Stevens uses the book as a symbol for art, poetry, and imagination. Life without art and imagination will be dark and unhappy; it is like a sky without sun.Imagination needs to be a part of poetry and life, but although this may be true for Stevens in these first stanzas, Stevens eventually settles upon the notion that reality must be a component in poetry and life as well. Stevens searches for a balance between light and dark, imagination and reality, in this poem and in life and he finds that balance in the last stanza. Stevens erases his prior negative outlook on the diverging relationship of imagination and reality by creating an image of the sun and night working together.The â€Å"pillars of the sun, / Supports of night† is a direct reference to Stevens’ realization of the harmonizing combination of imagination and truth (Fading 16-17). The sun symbolizes imagination while the night represents reality. With these sun pillars supporting the night people live a full life with tea and wine that are good and bread and meat that are sweet. Stevens creates this image of the sun and night transcending their opposing differences in order to establish the idea that imagination and reality are important parts to life and poetry.When Stevens combines the image of the sun, representing imagination, with the night, symbolizing reality, â€Å"The wine is good. The bread, / †¦ is sweet† (Fading 18-19). Although Stevens also refers to tea and meat as being edible and good with the unification of imagination of reality, he forces the reader to focus solely on the wine and bread images by placing the wine and bread in the same line of the poem. Stevens’ inclusion of the wine and bread images seems to be a clear religious reference to Jesus Christ in which Jesus offers his body and blood to his disciples in the form of bread and wine.When Jesus offered these gifts to his disciples his disciples needed faith and imagination to truly believe that these real, tangible items were indeed the body and blood of Jesus Christ. This idea that faith is needed in order to transcend the reality of these items correlates with the relationship between imagination and reality that Stevens addresses throughout this poem. Furthermore, with any religion, there is a necessary balance between faith, imagination, and belief, with reality, certainty, a nd truth. An individual must believe in his faith of the afterlife but he must also not ignore the reality of his life on earth.This last stanza supports Lucy Beckett’s claim of â€Å"Stevens’ constant devotion to reality, his belief that the phrase ‘the truth of the imagination’ has a meaning only with respect to the imagination’s relation with reality. † Although Stevens’ poetry is largely based in his imaginative world, Beckett notes that Stevens realizes his â€Å"responsibility† as a poet to balance imagination and reality (Beckett 42). Stevens’ even states in his essay ‘Effects of Analogy’ that when writing poetry The poet is constantly concerned with two theories.One relates to the imagination as a power within him not so much to destroy reality at will as to put it to his own uses†¦The second theory relates to the imagination as a power within him to have such insights into reality (Beckett 43). In A Fading of the Sun Stevens uses his power as a poet to combine reality with imagination and he faces the same task in Evening Without Angels. Stevens, once again, addresses the relationship between imagination and reality in his poem Evening Without Angels and immediately calls attention to the natural separation between imagination and reality in the beginning lines of the poem.He opens the poem with the question, â€Å"Why seraphim like lutanists arranged / Above the trees? † directly placing seraphim, or angels, on a separate level from the trees (Evening 1-2). Stevens immediately creates this image of separation between imaginative beings, seraphim, and the trees, which represent the earth and reality. He creates this separation between imagination and reality in this first stanza in order to set up the conflict between the two components throughout the poem, and then, just as he does in A Fading of the Sun, concludes the poem with the complementary combination of bot h imagination and reality.Furthermore, Stevens directly questions the audience in these opening lines in order to force the audience to wonder why there has to be a separation of imagination and reality in poetry and in life. In other words, Stevens sparks a wondering in the audience in the beginning of the poem and throughout the poem brings the audience on journey to discover the true balance of imagination and reality. Stevens continues to question the dichotomy between imagination and reality by issuing the question in the third stanza, â€Å"Was the sun concoct for angels or for men? (Evening 10). Here, the sun is representative of the imagined world, specifically heaven. Stevens questions whether the imagined world is only reserved for imagined things, like angels, or if men can be a part of the imagined world as well. Later on in the poem, Stevens declares that men, indeed, â€Å"are men of sun;† they are part of the imagined world (Evening 14). However, before Steven s comes to this realization he wants the audience to think about man’s place in the imagined world.After he questions whether the imagined world is for men or for angels he states, â€Å"Sad men made angels of the sun, and of / The moon they made their own attendant ghosts† (Evening 11-12). From this passage, Stevens seems to be affirming his pro-imagination stance. When men only place angels, or imagined things in their imagination, instead of incorporating imagination into their own human reality, they become unhappy. Again, Stevens utilizes the image of the moon in order to symbolize reality; therefore, when men do not have any sun or imagination in their lives, they become ghosts in their reality.Ghosts are translucent figures without any substance to them, so without imagination men exist in their reality without any substance; they are empty beings. Therefore, in order to have substance in poetry and in life imagination must be included. In a letter that Stevens wrote to Latimer in 1936 he states, â€Å"There is a point at which intelligence destroys poetry† (H. Stevens 20). Intelligence, fact, truth, and reality, according to Stevens, obstruct and hinder the imagination that exists in poetry. Stevens, when writing poetry consciously limited reality’s influence and focused on the art of imagination.However, while imagination is obviously important to Stevens, just as he does in A Fading of the Sun, he also stresses the importance of a balance between imagination and reality in the last few stanzas of Evening Without Angels. He discusses how â€Å"The motions of the mind† often times â€Å"Desire for rest† (Evening 21, 24). Stevens associates these â€Å"motions of the mind† with â€Å"Light† while the need for rest is associated with darkness, clearly implying that the imagination needs to be muffled by darkness, or reality (Evening 20-21).Here, Stevens clearly establishes his â€Å"devotion to rea lity† (Beckett 42). But, it is not until the last few lines of the poem that Stevens demonstrates the importance of a balance between imagination and reality. In the last lines of Evening Without Angels Stevens creates the image in which imagination becomes truth. Stevens writes, â€Å"Where the voice that is in us makes a true re- / sponse† (Evening 34-35). The voice is a symbol of the poetic voice inside the poet as well as the imaginative voice that lives inside of each individual.Through his poetry Stevens uses his poetic voice as a tool to unite imagination and reality. Finally, Stevens concludes the poem by creating the juxtaposition of the sun and moon: â€Å"Where the voice that is great within us rises up, / As we stand gazing at the rounded moon† (Evening 36-37). Again Stevens attributes sun-like qualities to the imagination by giving it the motion of rising up. Then, he combines the imaginative world and reality by placing the individual in a dark sett ing, staring at the moon, which is a symbol for reality.Stevens connects the imagination to the rising of the sun in order to make the audience aware that the sun and moon, although they are opposites, do indeed complement each other. Everyday the sun rises and then it sets, allowing night to start, indicating reliance upon one another. If the sun does not rise and set the moon will not be seen. Sister M. Bernetta Quinn explains in her essay, Metamorphosis in Wallace Stevens, that Stevens’ poetry â€Å"deals with the concrete, the particular; philosophy, with the abstract† (Quinn 69).Throughout his writing, Stevens stresses that imagination and reality are both necessary components of life and poetry. He is able to come to this conclusion by the act of poetry writing, in which he incorporates metaphors and symbols as representatives of his imagination. These metaphors and symbols are grounded in concrete images and reality in order for the audience to be able to unders tand and relate to Stevens’ imagination and create their own imaginative world through his writing. Work Cited Beckett, Lucy. Wallace Stevens. New York: Cambridge UP, 1974.Print. Pearce, Roy H. â€Å"Wallace Stevens: The Life of Imagination. †Ã‚  Wallace Stevens. Ed. Marie Borriff. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1963. N. pag. Print. Quinn, Sister M. Bernetta. â€Å"Metamorphosis in Wallace Stevens. † Wallace Stevens. Ed. Marie Borriff. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1963. N. pag. Print. Stevens, Holly. Souvenirs and Prophecies: The Young Wallace Stevens. N. p. : Alfred A. Knopf, 1977. Print. Stevens, Wallace. The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens. New York: Vintage, 1990. A Fading of the Sun & Evening Without Angels. Print.

A Pulse Oximeter

This article is therefore intended for the occasional user of pulse oximetry. * Pulse oximeters. Measure the arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin. The technology involved is complicated but there are two basic physical principles. First, the absorption of light at two different wavelengths by hemoglobin differs depending on the degree of oxygenation of hemoglobin. Second, the light signal following transmission through the tissues has a pulsatile component, resulting from the changing volume of arterial blood with each pulse beat. This can be distinguished by the microprocessor from the non-pulsatile component resulting from venous, capillary and tissue light absorption. Function of a Pulse Oximeter * The function of a pulse oximeter is affected by many variables, including: ambient light; shivering; abnormal hemoglobins; pulse rate and rhythm; vasoconstriction and cardiac function. A pulse oximeter gives no indication of a patients ventilation, only of their oxygenation, and thus can give a false sense of security if supplemental oxygen is being given. In addition, there may be a delay between the occurrence of a potentially hypoxic event such as respiratory obstruction and a pulse oximeter detecting low oxygen saturation. However, oximetry is a useful non-invasive monitor of a patients cardio-respiratory system, which has undoubtedly improved patient safety in many circumstances.   Pulse Oximeter as part of an anesthetic machine * A portable desktop unit * A finger/mobile pulse Oximeter Indications COPD disease pulse oximetry is useful in stable patients with severe and in patients with worsening symptoms or other signs of an acute exacerbation, as a tool for patients to use at home to assist with their management * Asthma pulse oximetry complements peak flow meters in assessing the severity of asthma attacks/exacerbations and response to a treatment. * Acute respiratory infection pulse oximetry is useful in evaluating the severity of the illness and, in conjunction with other criteria, determining whether and how to refer pa tients for further treatment. What does a Pulse Oximeter Give? Nursing Responsibilities * Pulse oximetry offers an easy and non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation, but has limitations and practice considerations that every nurse should be aware of. * Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is a measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin molecules carrying a full load of oxygen. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) absorbs more infrared light than red light, while deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) absorbs more red light. By comparing the relative amounts of different light absorbed, the oxygen saturation (SpO2) can be determined. However, there are some possible causes of erroneous readings: †¢Ã‚  Motion artifact: Movement (shivering or tremors) or improper fit of the sensor can cause erroneously low readings. †¢Ã‚  Hypotension (due to cardiac arrhythmias, blood loss or peripheral vascular disease) and peripheral vasoconstriction (caused by hypothermia, smoking or sickle cell disease) can alter readings. Smoke inhalation or carbon monoxide poisoning can cause high levels of arboxyhemoglobin and also skew pulse oximetry readings.   Response delay: A technical limitation that requires additional time to detect hypoxemia (SpO2  less than 90 percent). The length of delay can be affected by poor sensor site perfusion and vasoactive drugs. * Sensors are sized according to weight and it is important to select the correct size to avoid reading errors.

Management and Leadership Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management and Leadership Skills - Essay Example Body Communication is a major part of all jobs. As such, most employers recruit employees who posses good interpersonal and communication skills. Personally, my communication skills are quite good. However, I have to admit that I am more adept at communicating through writing than I am at oral communication. In the job market, it is critical to be able to communicate both orally and in writing. This is because; while formal written communique may be used to keep record of business meetings transactions, oral communication is used in almost all other interactions in the workplace. In view of this, it is clear that I need to develop my oral communication communications skills so that I can be able to express my ideas and opinions orally. After all, since most job interviews are conducted orally, my ability to communicate orally could determine whether or not I get recruited by potential employers. In order for a manager to be effective in his work, his professional and personal ethics must be irrefutable. This is because; managers are required to rely on their professional and personal/moral code of conduct when making managerial decisions. An ethical code of conduct is often regarded as a guide of behavior and employers are likely to recruit employees whom they deem ethical. ... In both my personal and academic life, I have dealt with different changes at various points in my life. This has equipped me with skills that are necessary to be able to manage change. As such, I believe that if I was in a position of leadership, I would be able to manage any changes that are required in order for the organization to meet its goals and be successful. In order to be able to manage and lead people, one needs to have the ability to motivate others. This is because; In order for people to perform well, they need to be inspired and motivated to do so. Since different people are often motivated by different things, a good leader should be able to gather knowledge about the specific factors that can be used to motivate each of his team members and use this knowledge to his advantage. In the course of my academic training, I have been able to effectively provide leadership for several teams. My ability to motivate team members to commit to the overall goals of the team has been one of the key reasons for my success. My ability to motivate others is a skill that I have recently perfected and it would be very handy in the job market. Over time, I have been able to develop and hone my analytical and problem-solving skills. Initially, whenever I was faced with a problem in my academic and personal life, I was often inclined towards determining which solutions other people who had been faced with a similar problem used. However, I have gradually learnt to investigate any problems I encounter in a critical but logical manner in order to formulate solutions that are best suited to my specific problem. In the workplace, the ability to analyze and solve problems is

Images of Los Angeles presented in What We Do Is Secret Essay

Images of Los Angeles presented in What We Do Is Secret - Essay Example The scenarios and images describe surroundings and the state of life in Los Angeles. With that respect, this paper will base arguments and comparison of images of Los Angeles in the film ‘what we do is secret’. To begin with, the writer of the film what we do is secret Michelle Baer chooses words as infamous and legendary to describe Darby but rationally the words reflect on the image of the city of Los Angeles in the 1970’s. This shows that, even though the city of Los Angeles was infamous, it was also a legendary city. In the film, Darby and the rest of the Germ rock band crew present issues related to naivety, peculiarity, feebleness, as well as brilliance. These characteristics ultimately depict presence of real and true misfit of the city of Los Angeles. To some extent, the city appears to have some degree of negligence as showcased by the wretched life of young adults (Samudio and Lee 57). This is because, the Germs are cognitively high school dropouts, bad behaved, and careless drug users. Secondly, the images in the film are photographic tribute paid to the city of Los Angeles. It provides a fascinating journey through the cultural, sociological, political, and the industrial history of the city of Los Angeles. ... Additionally, this book gives a stern representation of the city of Los Angeles in all its grits and glory via events that made the world such as the two Olympics, the Rodney King riots, and the assassination of Bobby Kennedy. All these events reveal that Los Angeles is a city of many dimensions. Moreover, the film describes the city of Los Angeles as the world’s entertainment capital, Hollywood, and showcases a variety of celebrities along with a number of notable residents that include architects, musicians, and artists. The film highlights in-depth condition of pop cultural movements of Los Angeles together with the state of music (Banham 168). The Germ bandleader, Darby knows not his biological father. On the other end, his mother is an alcoholic and his elder brother dies from heroin overdose. His school life portrays him as an avid reader who against all odds comprehensively develops into a frighteningly intelligent student. Presumably, the overall life feature of Darby displays and compares the state of art and the status of education system within the city of Los Angeles. The book ‘what we do is secret’ depicts the city of Los Angeles through contrasting points of view. For instance, it covers the city’s state of social life in conjunction with its status of its pop cultural movements. These conditions display contradicting issues since the book stretches its length to show presence of the city’s state of music, state of food fads, gangs, surfing, and hot rods. In short, it portrays the condition of food, which is healthy, state of music however associated with behaviors that lead to drug abuse, as well as the city’s

Analytical summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analytical summary - Essay Example The article goes ahead to determine various aspects such as Australian identity, the relation between the different political systems in the country, the economy, and immigration, all in the form of debates. It addresses various perspectives include the future prospects of Asia through an engagement with Australia, while at the same time fearing that indeed there is a possibility that Australia would be left behind in a similar perspective. In making a justification of these perspectives, the authors refer to the views of different individuals including Kevin Rudd, Gough Whitlam, and the Australian Labor Prime Minister. China and Australia have indeed been great friends for long periods, even though to many, it seems as if the they have just become new friends, considering that Australia currently hosts a significant number of Chinese. The article goes ahead to address the various political situations that have c hanged over the past, with Asia and particularly China making a significant contribution in the political imagery. This puts Australia in a controversial position of manipulations by both its central geographical location as well as the ideological commitment to Asia. ‘Asia’ possesses great threat to Howard in matters of identity, considering the ease of immigration of ‘Asia’ into Australia, making Howard make an argument giving ‘Asia’ a rare opportunity to make entry and integrate into Australia. ‘Asia’ was increasingly growing economically especially China in the global markets, and therefore, Australia would significantly benefit from the perspective; however, better ties would have to be developed between ‘Asia’ and Australia. Chinese had been making entry into Australia and their significant numbers was a call for worry and hope in equal measures. The major way through which such a perspective would be achieved is by increasing the use of Asian

Discussion Chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Chapter - Essay Example The communication style of a manager is more aggressive as compared to leaders and the communication style used by leaders is more manipulative (Cherry, 2013). Leaders communicate in an aggressive manner because their objective is to simply get the work done. Managers do not listen to what their subordinates have to say regarding how work can be done and instead they inform the subordinates regarding the way the work should be done and expect the subordinates to follow the instructions (Yukl, 2010). In case of leadership, the leader tries to manipulate the feelings and the emotions of their followers in order to motivate them to work on their own and come up with innovative ideas regarding how tasks should be completed. The motivation strategies that a leader and a manager may use might be quite different. Managers are more likely to use extrinsic motivation strategies. When managers employ these strategies they tend to offer rewards to subordinates in order to externally motivate the subordinates (Yukl, 2010). These rewards can include increased pay rates as a result of attainment of targets in order to reinforce similar behavior in future. On the other hand, leaders are more likely to use motivation strategies that help motivating an individual internally (Sansone, 2000). For example leaders may have quite an aspiring personality and followers may want to be associated with them and in order to gain recognition in the eyes of the leader they may work hard. In order to enhance the individual and the organizational productivity managers may use the carrot and stick approach to motivate employees. The carrot and stick approach suggests that employees should be punished for their failures and should be rewarded for their successes (Daft et al., 2008). A manager may use rewards and punishments to motivate individuals to increase their

Financial Upheavals. Financial crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Upheavals. Financial crisis - Essay Example The aftermaths of any such business cycle may vary from being modest to remorseless hinging upon its magnitude and continuance. History show that the American economy has moved through periods of boom, recession and recovery. The years 1837, 1893 and 1929 help retrace the occurrence of three major depressions in United States (Calomiris 2010). The downturns of 1857, 1873, and 1907 are also referred in the history books (Rothbard 2002). The America of 1819 and the financial crisis its people went through was only the first of speculative cacoethes which is America's true national interest (Maloney 2009). But then again, the Great Recession of 2008 is the latest financial turmoil in the United States, the twinges of which are still being sensed. Both these financial upheavals resemble one another with respect to their causes and consequences. For instance, they headed to extended bank failures, loan foreclosures, high unemployment rates and a depression in manufacturing sector. The cau ses of the panic of 1819 can be assigned to the economic system of the United States (Rothbard 2002). The panic of 1819 ended the tremendous economic expansion that occurred after the War of 1812. Rampant inflation, debtors’ relief which was constantly associated with monetary strategies and a protective tariff on imports worked as a pivotal point in creating the situation of panic in the US at that time. Whereas, the oncoming of the Recession of 2008 can be assigned to complicated and interconnected constituents. Sub-prime loans, lax financial regulation, loose monetary policy and global instabilities collectively induced the latest financial upheaval that caused entire world staggering. This suggests that there were more than one element that sparked off the two financial upheavals discussed above. Among those major causal elements, monetary policy played a key role to trigger the financial turmoils. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast these two historic fi nancial upheavals; the earliest and the latest to have rocked the United States of America with special emphasis on the role of the monetary policy in each case. The Panic of 1819 The major causes of the panic of 1819 were delved within the US economy. Similar to so much of what is disastrous to civilized society, the Panic of 1819 had been produced in the violent agitation particularly of the War of 1812. The young American economy confronted many rapid breakdowns that were brought by the War of 1812 and its consequences. United States previously had been a big country with a thin population of around seven million which were mostly committed solely to agriculture. Many agricultural products such as wheat, cotton, and tobacco were exported across borders, although the residual of the agricultural products was mostly consumed by self-sustaining rural families. Public debt held by Americans during the war of 1812 induced the prices rise throughout the United States. At that time, the monetary system of the country was not advance or highly-developed. The American banks were restricted almost entirely to the cities and their tools and methods to run the economy inclined to be lax with insignificant Government control. The reality, that most banks and other institutions of that era had to acquire their position by exceptional legislative charter, tempted inquisitive and high-risk misuses through exerting force on the legislature. All this resulted in an inadequacy of uniformity in administering banks within and among states. The emergence of the First Bank of the United States had regulated the banks towards uniformity until the year 1811. Irresponsible and mismanaged banking system had played a crucial role in creating that panic. From 1811 to

The Life Of Roger Williams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Life Of Roger Williams - Essay Example Roger Williams was an English protestant and theologian. He was a controversialist who used his formal education background to generate erudite arguments on religion. He is among the few unique persons from early history that made an enormous impact with their actions. He left England, his native land, during the Puritan migration to America. His motive was similar to that of other people that participated in the great exodus - to worship God according to the dictates of his mind and conscience. When he arrived at Massachusetts Bay, he felt disappointed to find that the people there practiced conformity. He had migrated to America in search of freedom but that was not what he found. Authorities at the Bay were quick to deal with non conformity. There were mechanisms to deal with discordant elements as quickly as possible. Williams did not accept the existent situation. He immediately started to promote his ideas of religious freedom across the bay area. Williams was among the earliest proponents of religious freedom. He also advocated for the separation of church and state. His religious and political principles offended the authorities of Massachusetts Bay. The authorities tried to arrest him for deportation back to England. He got away before the authorities could get to him. He exiled to the Narragansett where he founded the colony of Providence Plantation in 1636.2 His model advocated for a society where men act as their conscience tell them to in the name of their God. This colony provided refuge to religious minorities. There was no discrimination in the colony based on race or religion and freedom of worship was guaranteed. He also started the First Baptist Church of Providence which was the first Baptist church established in America. Even to this day, there are remarkably few people that may be willing to take the position that Roger Williams took many years back. His position required courage and perseverance in order to achieve the desired goals. His life involved continuous struggle for religious liberty. Roger William’s life Roger Williams was born in 1603 in London. His parents were James and Alice Williams. Roger Williams had a sister, Catherine, and two brothers Robert and Sydrach. Williams spent his early years as a youth at the St. Spulchre Church parish.3 In his teen years, Williams attracted the attention of Sir Edward Coke. Coke was a brilliant lawyer and an influential

Statistical and Quantitative Methods in Business Coursework

Statistical and Quantitative Methods in Business - Coursework Example However, for the purpose of bringing uniformity in the analysis, only 30 questionnaires were selected out of the correctly filled questionnaires for each company on random basis. The survey questionnaire comprised of two sections; the first section included demographic attributes of the respondents, whereas the second consisted of four statements relating to performance, innovativeness, service quality and relationship marketing of the company under consideration. Each statement in the survey questionnaire was required to be responded on the basis of a five point Likert scale, which is as follows: Upon reviewing the literature available on the subject of organizational performance and its determinants in retail sector, there are a number of variables identified. Most of the researchers and authors have regarded organizational performance as a dependent variable. Following is a review of relationships identified between organizational performance and various factors. It has been stated that organizations which are able to bring innovation in their business processes are able to improve their performance. In this regard, Hult and Ketchen (2001), Garg et al. (2003) and Wu et al. (2003), found that there is a positive relationship between innovativeness and organizational performance. The quality of services delivered by organizations to their customers is also regarded as an important factor in influencing the performance of those organizations. In their study of service organizations operating in Malaysia, Ramayah, Samat and Lo (2011) have found that performance of service organizations has a positive relationship with service quality. The concept of relationship marketing relates to the creation and improvement of relations by an organization with its the customers (Jobber & Fahy, 2006). Shaker and Basem (2010) in their study found that the relationship between relationship marketing and organizational performance. On the basis of conceptual model

Little Richards Influence on Rock N Roll History Essay Example for Free

Little Richards Influence on Rock N Roll History Essay Rock and roll music emerged as a part of American teen culture during the notably conservative time period in the country’s history which shortly followed the traumatic events of World War II. Being that the genre’s target audience was white teenagers, many Americans- already overwhelmed and on-edge due to the anti-communist movement inspired by the Cold War- were apprehensive about the influence that this up-and-coming style of music might have on their country’s future. America’s youth openly accepted rock and roll’s racially integrated culture of performers and embraced the relatively lewd nature of many songs and performances associated with the genre, much to the dismay of their elders. Richard Wayne Penniman (better known by his stage name, Little Richard) had an important influence on the history of rock and roll music because of his unconventional stage presence and explicit sexuality. Artists such as Little Richard aggressively pushed the envelope, defied social norms and generated controversy. Richard, along with a few fellow pioneers, helped to define rock and roll in its early years, and paved the way for rock and rollers of future generations. Penniman’s work left an everlasting impression on the musical genre and culture that is rock and roll. Considering the time in America’s history during which Little Richard appeared on the rock and roll scene, it is completely appropriate to attribute much of his fame and influence to his unconventional stage presence. The rising popularity of television during the 1950’s fundamentally changed the music industry by presenting artists with an entirely new way to market themselves (or be marketed). Being televised meant that the overall look and presence of an artist played a more crucial role in stimulating audiences; the focus of listeners was no longer solely the sound of the music being produced. Prior to T. V. , music fans were only able to enjoy the sounds of their favorite artist by way of radio and the purchasing of records. In many cases, this meant that if a fan had never seen a live performance or record-jacket photo of a particular artist, it’s possible that they had never seen said artist at all and possessed only a general idea (if any) of what that artist looked like. As television sets became an increasingly popular household item for middle-class American families, â€Å"live performances assumed a new importance for performers of rock ‘n’ roll music, and individual artists and vocal roups sought to cultivate visual characteristics or mannerisms that would set them apart from others and encourage listeners to remember them†¦ but no performer in the early years of rock ‘n’ roll was as visually flamboyant as Little Richard,† (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). A fan’s perception of an artist or group became subject to their opinion of the overall image of the performance. At this point in time, listening to the music of a completely respectable, clean cut, well dressed African-American was still considered inappropriate by a sizeable portion of white American society- particularly those living in the South and those beyond their teenage years. Many of these people were hesitant to accept racial integration, and tended to proceed cautiously when (or, more appropriately, if) they chose to do so. These are the same people that were unrightfully, but understandably, so frightened by performers like Little Richard. In order to differentiate himself from other rockers of the time, Richard usually wore heavy make-up and sported his famous pompadour hair style. As a former drag queen, Richard was fully aware of the type of reaction his look would draw from audiences; it’s the reaction he hoped to receive. Though, at the time, society as a whole was unsure of how to react to the statement his image made, â€Å"the†¦ ambiguity of Little Richard’s sexual identity†¦ paved the way for the image of performers such as David Bowie, Elton John, and Prince,† (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). Just in case his eccentric outward appearance was not enough to gain the disapproval of parents across the nation, Little Richard put on an absolutely wild stage performance which included dramatic eye rolling and his simultaneous hip gyrating and piano playing. In order to dance and play piano at the same time, Little Richard stood (not sat) in front of the instrument- yet another feature of his performance that was specific to him. Little Richard aimed to gain the attention of his fans by creating an entirely original and exciting performance act. In order to do so, Richard created an image that was totally outside of society’s definition of normal, respectable, and safe. His image was only half of his act, though. It’s unlikely that there were many ‘respectable’ white, American parents around in the 1950’s that were comfortable with the idea of Little Richard having any type of influence over the generation deemed the ‘future’ of their country, much less over their specific children. If there had been anyone left straddling that fence, however, contemplating just how harmful a 24-year-old performer with a whacky haircut and face full of make up could really be, it would be safe to assume that they had never actually heard the man sing. The lewd, scandalous lyrics that completed Little Richard’s unorthodox self-presentation would have provided the final push that landed the aforementioned fence straddler on the opposite side of Richard’s performance, and confirmed the popular idea that â€Å"rock’s musical characteristics indicated a general decline in American taste,† (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). While teenagers danced to the sounds of the modified twelve-bar blues accompanying Richard’s shouting vocal style and countertenor whoops, parents instinctively cringed in disapproval of the blatantly suggestive lyrics. Hit songs by Little Richard such as â€Å"Tutti-Frutti,† (Penniman, 1955) and â€Å"Long Tall Sally,† (Penniman, 1956) contained lyrics that were generally non-specific, but overall relatively sexual for the time. Richard’s scandalous appearance, behavior, and song lyrics embodied a sexual tension that managed to both intrigue teenage audiences, and inspire fellow performers. It is this same sexual tension that made society at large not only generally uncomfortable, but also concerned about what other ludicrous notions rock and roll would try to impose upon American culture in the future. Little Richard used rock and roll as a platform to rattle the cages of the music industry, and change society’s concept of what was acceptable, what was normal, and most of all what was popular. It was Richard’s unique image and abrasive song content that simultaneously intrigued and shocked American society in the early 1950s. American teenagers of this time appreciated the power of Little Richard’s performance and embraced Little Richard as the new spirit of rock and roll. Unfortunately, â€Å"in 1957 Richard denounced his work and joined the church†¦clos[ing] his most creative period,† (Oxford University Press). Although the momentum of his influence eventually slowed, it never quite stopped. Rock and roll performers such as Jerry Lee Lewis, the Beatles, and the American Creedence Clearwater Revival all provide examples of music inspired by the work of Little Richard, proving the power of his influence and solidifying the lasting impression that he left on rock and roll.

Issues - politics Essay Example for Free

Issues politics Essay Boeing is one of the worlds best known manufactures of aircrafts and so is Northrop Grumman who are the manufacturers of the airbus (Online News Hour, 2008). These are two top brands who are obviously competing in other areas of business and therefore any decision that involve them is bound to raise considerable heat. It should b noted that both are American companies though Northrop Grumman is partly owned by a French company. The nature of the contract which involves the security of America as a nation is a matter of national concern as it involves the development of structures that could ensure the growth of security systems. Boeing and Grumman being business structures, such a big contract will obviously attract the interest of stakeholders from both sides. There are a number of key issues that have been brought out by the airforce contracts which include: Military contracts are a matter of public concern since it is in place to protect the public, the resources used in the military contracts are derived from taxpayers and therefore the failure of such projects will be a waste of taxpayers money (Meyer, 2007). When McCain questioned the cost effectiveness in leasing planes that would otherwise have no values when their lease period was over his motive as the senator of Alabama was to ensure that the taxpayers money is channeled to useful projects. Furthermore, it is quite clear that the politicians have the ability to shoot down potentially useful deals due to what Northrop Grumman executives refer to as expensive lobbying. Politics is not always objective for there are situations where the stakes involved are shielded from the public and though the politics and viewpoints will be developed to suit the public, the real reasons are often personal (Meyer, 2007). The inclusion of politics in such cases therefore has both advantages and disadvantages and should be weighed carefully. Military procurement just like any other public procurement scheme is prone to corruption, this was the case in the original contract that was brought to an end by Rumsfeld in 2006. Moreover, the big money involved in military procurement processes act as a natural catalysts for corruption, therefore there is need to come up with a robust self regulated systems that will ensure that such unethical practices are not in anyway included in the procurement process, the congress thus comes into the picture (Meyer, 2007). However, the political system is not known for its objectivity. In the cases, some of the reasons brought out against Northrop Grumman are flimsy and lack in objectivity. The fact that there will be lobbying is a clear sign that there will be loss in objectivity thus the decision will tend to favor groups that are be able to garner enough political support in the congress. Furthermore, the political system is one of the most corrupt system there is and the rationale in placing such a system to guard against corruption is questionable. i.Security Military procurement is a security critical matter (Meyer, 2007). The military is in place to ensure that the US is protected against its external enemies (Meyer, 2007). The seriousness with which the equipment tendering process is treated and the keen eye that the media watches the unfolding of such events relay the importance placed on the military by the American people. The US is traditionally a fighting nation and the effectiveness of its military and equipments is one of the factors that has cemented its place as a world power. Military activities require high levels of secrecy (Meyer, 2007). There is need to come up with effective equipments that can be used in varied situations. It should be noted that the arguments brought forward by the executives from both sides are centered around the superiority of their products or the weaknesses of their opposite. The need for accuracy and well developed products that have the required reputation are some of the considerations that led to the two big companies making it to the final stage. The two companies are multinationals that have developed their brands all over the globe. It is noteworthy that when the US defense secretary cancels Boeings leases other nations still seek their products and are continues seeking the products that have been labeled cost ineffective due to the reputation associated with their brand name. The importance of the security system is seen in the number of avenues and legislative systems that have been put in place to ensure that the process is done in a just manner (Krishnan, 2008). When the airforce declares that Northrop Grumman had won the bid for the airforce tankers, Boeing seeks redress through a different avenue: Public accountability office. The office looks at their complaints and decides to freeze the process. It should be noted that it was the same office that had early in the decades frozen a billion dollar Boeing contract due to corruption charges. Even though there are systems put in place to ensure proper procedures in procurement of services and services, they can be outdone easily (Krishnan, 2008). The corruption allegations made in the initial Boeing contracts are a clear case where the protocols were overridden and it only came to realization a couple of months after the contracts had been signed. Furthermore, the fact that is was later found out that a different design could meet the specifications made by the airforce with reduced costs clearly show that even though the guidelines are put in place they are rarely followed thus the need for a system or authority that will follow up on the recommendations and processes to ensure that they conform to the laid out guidelines. Some politicians have argued that the French affiliation of the airbus manufacturer is in itself a security risk and therefore a purely American company should be contracted. However, such a contracting systems will obviously lock out other capable companies and therefore bring about questions on the integrity of the bidding process. America has prided itself as being a liberalized nation, putting up measures that will lock out other qualified members on the basis of the compositions of its investors is contrary to the spirit of liberalization. Furthermore, being involved with a company that has partnered with a success story in Europe shields the tanker project from American economic downtimes though it effectively ensures that the project is affected by the happening in Europe. It is unrealistic to lobby for Boeing on the basis of confidentiality; a company that has already shown traces of corruption cannot be trusted and neither can a company that is yet to prove its worth in the military sector. Therefore, system should be put in place to ensure that the projects are monitored and compared to some given standards if either is to be awarded the contract. ii. Stability The US is the father of capitalism and is therefore a country that is characterized by intense competition between industry players who will always be on the look for additional finances that will ensure their development into the future (Verkuil, 2007). On the day it was reported that Northrop Grumman had won the military contracts its share prices rose by over 20 cents and Boeings shares fell by a couple of cents (CBS News, 2008). Note, the development in the contract procurement were being watched by investors who will then make their decisions on which company to invest in. Even though the large money involved in the transactions may be enough to lure investors into channeling their resources to a particular company, the reputation involved in being a company contracted with one of the worlds best airforce to develop its aircraft tankers is enough to cause significant changes in the companys share index. Being a capitalistic economy where entities gain at the expense of others, Boeing is bound to feel the pinch. The situation is made worse by the consideration that Boeing has a well developed reputation and therefore failure to win a contract from a partner that it has associated with for a long time may be taken by the investors and its consumers in the wrong light. It may imply that the partner does not trust its capacity to develop superiors products or has doubts on its potential to remain productive. To bring the idea of reputation into perspective, many are of the notion that the corruptions charges brought against Boeing may have affected its chances of successfully bidding for the contract (Verkuil, 2007). This holds considerable weight in that the military is not all about facilities but also reputation. The American people and its enemies will always keep a keen eye on the military and any transactions conducted with a partner who is proved to be corrupt will dent on its integrity thus its reputation. Conclusion Awarding a contract to a company to deliver services that are of public interest is a complex process and will always involve the media and many other systems that have been put in place to ensure the safety of the public. Individual good and interest will always be central in the arguments brought forward by most people, this is more pronounced if the contract will significantly affect many people. It is therefore upon the government and the social systems to ensure that the systems put in place to ensure effectiveness of the bidding process are functioning properly and are robust enough to deal with the dynamism associated with such processes. If need be, changes must be instituted to ensure that the system are functioning. The products delivered must measure up to some predetermined standards to ensure quality and accountability. These measures and other quality management measures if well integrated into the bidding and implementation of contracts that are of public interest will ensure that the public benefits in the best possible way. Word Count: 3271 ,Reference List CBS News (2008). Boeing Spurned On Huge Air Force Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2008/02/29/business/main3894669. shtml? source=RSSattr=Business_3894669 Krishnan, A. (2008). War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Meyer, J. (2007). Working in a War Zone: Military Contractors. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Online News Hour (2008). Boeing, Northrop Grumman Clash Over Tanker Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http://www. pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june08/tanker_05-06. html. United States Government Accountability Office (2008). Statement Regarding the Bid Protest Decision Resolving the Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest by The Boeing Company. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http://www. governmentexecutive. com/pdfs/061808cd1. pdf Verkuil, R. (2007). Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and what We Can Do about it. New York: Cambridge University Press.

What Is Green Infrastructure Environmental Sciences Essay

What Is Green Infrastructure Environmental Sciences Essay Over the coming century, climate change scenarios in urban regions will be managing extremes of precipitation and temperature, increased storm frequency and intensity, and sea-level rise. The problems with which urban areas are already be indicating that climate change impacts have begun to occur and are likely to worsen in the future. Often green approaches are combined with modifications to other traditional hard infrastructures such as expanding storm-sewers and streets or building storm-water storage tunnels. In recent thinking, portfolios of green infrastructure and technologies have been identified as best practices at the local level when combined with traditional grey infrastructure to achieve greater urban sustainability and resilience. In addition, green infrastructure is now being recognized for its value as a means for adapting to the emerging and irreversible impacts of climate change. What is Green Infrastructure? The Definition According to Neil (2006), Green Infrastructure includes the network of green spaces and other natural elements such as river sand lakes that are interspersed between and connect villages, towns and cities. Individually these elements are green infrastructure assets and the roles that these assets play are green infrastructure functions. When appropriately planned, designed and managed, these assets and functions have the potential to deliver a wide range of social, environmental and economic benefits. Green infrastructure approaches help to achieve sustainability and resilience goals over a range of outcomes in addition to climate adaptation. The climate adaptation benefits of green infrastructure are generally related to their ability to moderate the impacts of extreme precipitation or temperature. The History of Green Infrastructures. According to Karen Firehock (2010). Green infrastructure planning is not an entirely new concept and the principles that form the basis for the concept have arisen from multiple disciplines. The term itself was first coined in Florida in 1994 in a report to the governor on land conservation strategies and was intended to reflect the notion that natural systems are equally, if not more important, components of our infrastructure. Since it is generally accepted that we have to plan for grey infrastructure, the idea of also planning to conserve or restore our natural resources, or green infrastructure, helped people to recognize its importance to community planning. As defined by Benedict and McMahon (2006). Green infrastructure is a strategically planned and managed network of wilderness, parks, greenways, conservation easements, and working lands with conservation value that supports native species, maintains natural ecological processes, sustains air and water resources, and contributes to the health and quality of life for Americas communities and people The types of green infrastructures According to Neil (2006), Green infrastructure approaches to land-use planning promote the widest range of functions which can be performed by the same asset, unlocking the greatest number of benefits. Such an approach enables us to demand more from the land in a sustainable way; by helping to identify when it can provide multiple benefits and to manage the many, often conflicting, pressures for housing, industry, transport, energy, agriculture, nature conservation, recreation and aesthetics. It also highlights where it is important to retain single or limited land use functions. There are has many types of green infrastructure including in local scales, cities scale and regional scale. The types of green infrastructure in local, neighborhood, village such as : Trees Street Hedges pocket parks private gardens pond and streams cemeteries and burial grounds green roofs and walls, swales institutional open spaces small wood lands and etcetera. In town, city and district scale such as : business settings city parks forest parks lakes country parks rivers and flood plains recreational spaces agricultural land landfill brownfield areas and many more. In city-region, regional and national scale the types of green infrastructures is : regional parks shoreline forest reservoirs roads and railway networks national parks The Benefits of Green Infrastructure. According to Neil (2006) The benefits of incorporating green infrastructure into the planning, management and design. The multifunctional nature of green infrastructure assets, underpinned by ecosystem services, means that they can deliver a diverse range of benefits which are mutually reinforcing and can be enhanced by the connectivity of these assets. It is important to fully appreciate the many benefits that GI can generate, including: 2.4.1 Climate change adaptation Even modest increases in tree canopy cover can significantly reduce the urban heat island effect via evapotranspiration and shading, as well as improving air quality, which often suffers because of higher temperatures. Connectivity of GI via wildlife corridors is critical in ensuring that biodiversity is safeguarded in the face of a changing climate and green space can ameliorate surface water run-off to reduce the risk of flooding. 2.4.2 Water management Green infrastructure is a good approach for managingflood risk. This can involve placing sustainable drainage systems (SUDs) in developments to attenuate surface water runoff and enhance biodiversity and recreation. Agricultural land and wetlands can be used to store flood water in areas where there is no risk to homes and commercial buildings. Green infrastructure can be used to manage coastal retreat as well as to restore wetlands, enhancing carbon sequestration whilst providing important wildlife habitat. At Ingrebourne Hill, water management has been controlled through drainage schemes and the on-site lake, designed to alleviate flooding of neighboring properties and roads. 2.4.3 Economic values Quality green space can have a major positive impact on land and property markets, creating settings for investment and acting as a catalyst for wider regeneration. High quality, connected environments attract skilled and mobile workers which in turn encourage business investment, as is demonstrated at Crewe Business Park. 2.4.4 Biodiversity enhancement, corridors and linkages The role of GI in providing wildlife habitat in both urban and rural areas is well established, but taking a landscape-scale approach to the planning, design and management of connected GI assets provides the framework within which species migration can more readily occur in response to environmental pressures such as climate change. The Landscape Architecture profession As retrieved from http://www.prospects.ac.uk/landscape_architect_job_description.htm (2010) Landscape architects create the landscape around us. They plan, design and manage open spaces including both natural and built environments. They work to provide innovative and aesthetically pleasing environments for people to enjoy, whilst ensuring that changes to the natural environment are appropriate, sensitive and sustainable. The definition of Landscape Architect. According to Arno Sighart Schmid (2000) Landscape Architects conduct research and advice on planning, design and stewardship of the outdoor  environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment, and its conservation and sustainability of development. For the profession of landscape architect, a degree in landscape architecture is required. Today, on the threshold of a new Millennium, humankind stands at a decisive point on its way into the future, with grave challenges and risks relating to our natural environment and its carrying capacity. Our profession of landscape architecture is called upon to contribute towards safeguarding the viability of the natural environment and towards developing and maintaining a humane built environment in cities, towns and villages. The role of landscape architect As defined by American Society of Landscape Architects Declaration on Environment and Development (1993). Landscape architecture is the profession which applies artistic and scientific principles to the research, planning, design and management of both natural and built environments. Practitioners of this profession apply creative and technical skills and scientific, cultural and political knowledge in the planned arrangement of natural and constructed elements on the land with a concern for the stewardship and conservation of natural, constructed and human resources. The resulting environments shall serve useful, aesthetic, safe and enjoyable purposes. The roles of landscape architect is : developing new or improved theories, policy and methods for landscape planning, design and  management at local, regional, national and multinational levels; developing policy, plans, and implementing and monitoring proposals as well as developing new or  improved theories and methods for national parks and other conservation and recreation areas; developing new or improved theories and methods to promote environmental awareness, and undertaking planning, design, restoration, management and maintenance of cultural and/or historic landscapes, parks, sites and gardens; planning, design, management, maintenance and monitoring functional and aesthetic layouts of built  environment in urban, suburban, and rural areas including private and public open spaces, parks,  gardens, streetscapes, plazas, housing developments, burial grounds, memorials; tourist, commercial,  industrial and educational complexes; sports grounds, zoos, botanic gardens, recreation areas and farms; contributing to the planning, aesthetic and functional design, location, management and maintenance of infrastructure such as roads, dams, energy and major development projects; undertaking landscape assessments including environmental and visual impact assessments with view to developing policy or undertaking projects; identifying and developing appropriate solutions regarding the quality and use of the built environment in urban, suburban and rural areas and making designs, plans and working drawings, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules; conducting research, preparing scientific papers and technical reports, developing policy, teaching, and advising on aspects regarding landscape architecture such as the application of geographic The role landscape architect in green infrastructures. According to Neil (2006), Landscape practitioners are engaged in every stage of the green infrastructure approach and are leading a revolution in the way in which green infrastructure is developed. This includes the planning of environmental resources, the design of new public realm, implementation of strategy and the management of delivered projects. Landscape practitioners have a pivotal role to play with other professionals in all stages of a green infrastructure process, which operates at all spatial scales. Landscape practitioners are trained in a broad range of disciplines with an ability to think holistically and see the bigger picture. This means that the profession understands the many processes at work which shape the land and appreciates the need to consider potential changes to which a particular location could be subjected over time. The result is a profession which is ideally placed to provide the vision and tenacity needed for the sustainable development of our green i nfrastructure assets. Conclusion The green infrastructure is crucial part of urban fabric that is highly perceived by residents contributing to their physical, cognitive and social well-being. Green infrastructure as spaces where they have contact with nature that fulfill nature needs and residents interaction needs. Diversity afforded the residents experiential contacts with the green infrastructure that offered stimulations with the outdoor environments to the residents. It allowed them frequent engagements in various activities, made them familiar and felt connected with the green infrastructure. Landscape architect take a main role to develop green infrastructure in any part of urban or sub-urban area. It is importance for physical, social interactions and effects of residents engaging with greens and open spaces. Cognitive experience of green infrastructure also evokes a sense of attachment to green spaces and towards a community as a whole. This is because parks and urban green spaces offer people positive emo tional states and make available favorite places that are serene, peaceful and restful.

Albert Einstein :: biographies biography bio

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany as the son of Pauline and Hermann Einstein. Albert was slow to talk. Family members remember that he didn't really start talking until he could speak in entire sentences. He would pause for long periods to gather his thoughts before speaking. His sister told stories of his hours of perseverance constructing houses from playing cards. One of his favorite childhood stories was about the wonder he felt the first time he saw a compass. The compass convinced him that there had to be "something behind things, something deeply hidden." At the age of 12, he was given a book on Euclidean plane geometry, which sparked his great wonder in mathematics and physics. His uncle was also a great influence in young Albert's life. He was an engineer and loved to talk about his work, which gave Albert great inspiration as a child. Einstein loved to learn, but hated the high school he was sent to in Munich. He generally got good grades and was one of the top students in mathematics, but could not stand the idea that success depended on memorization and the obedience of authority. Einstein taught himself most material at home where he had quite a collection of books on mathematics and physics. He was even told to leave school by one of his teachers because his presence caused a loss of respect for the teachers by his fellow students. In 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zurich for a theoretical dissertation on the dimensions of molecules, and went on to become one the greatest scientists of the 20th century as well as winning the Nobel Prize. In 1933, he accepted a position at the new Institution for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey where he stayed until his death in 1955. Was his brain different? This question plagued people for many years. Just before his death, Einstein gave permission to researchers to dissect his brain and look for abnormalities, but none were found. Later, in 1999, Sandra F. Witelson discovered he lacked a small wrinkle called the parietal operculum. She theorized that because of the absence of this wrinkle, other regions of his brain were able to develop more fully, possibly contributing to his incredible intelligence. "The human mind is not capable of grasping the Universe. We are like a little child entering a huge library. The walls are covered to the ceilings with books in many different tongues.

Six Thinking Hats Essay -- essays research papers

Thinking with Hats Six Thinking Hats offers an original way to think. The author, Edward De Bono, has created an idiom to make decisions making, communication, and thinking more effective. De Bono believes thinking is the ultimate human resource and that we should want to improve upon it. He suggests that the main difficulty of thinking is confusion and that we try to do too much at once. In his book he puts forward a simple concept that allows a thinker to do one thing at a time. The concept is the Six Thinking Hats. Putting on one of these hats defines a certain type of thinking. It is in the convenience of the Six Thinking Hats that is the main value of the concept. The concept of the hats is that when you have one on you think in only that nature and then move on to the next hat. When you get to the last hat your answers or goal should be clear. Today, hats seem to define a role such as part of a uniform. De Bono believes that when you are in a defined role, or role playing, one can allow there ego to go beyond its normal restrictive self-image which can give someone the freedom to be foolish, wrong, or outsmarted without damage to their ego. The broad thinking hat role is broken down into six different character roles, represented by six differently colored thinking hats. When you change hats you have to change roles. De Bono describes a symbolism that one might picture the laying down of colors in layers when printing a map and at the end the colors come together to g...

Candide and Great Expectations: Comparing Candide and Pip :: Charles Dickens, Voltaire

Candide, by Voltaire, and Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, are two novels written in different periods of time and by authors with different backgrounds. Their main characters are consequently not identical to each other. The fundamental difference between Candide and Pip as characters is that Candide shows us only his outer countenance while Pip lets us know the deepest of his feelings. Candide is one of those "follow the leader" type characters, that doesn't do much thinking for himself. Most of Candide's opinions and actions match those of his philosophy teacher Pangloss. Pangloss firmly believes that he lives in the best of the worlds and that everything that happens is for the best and Candide has learned to apply this believe to all the events he goes through. Candide relies so much on Pangloss and other characters that the reader is not able to figure out Candide's inner thoughts nor his true personality. Pip, on the other hand, shows an internal struggle whenever he has to make a decision. Pip also has an image of a father imposed on other male characters throughout the progress of his life: first his brother-in-law Joe, later the lawyer Mr. Jaggers, and finally his secret benefactor Magwitch. But the relative importance that each of them hold on Pip's opinions is rather little compared to the effect of Pangloss' word upon Candide. Pip is always open to suggestions coming from any of the individuals around him, and he really cares about the judgement of any of these, but he is always left with freedom when concerning an ultimate decision. Candide and Great Expectations have much dissimilarity by themselves. Candide is narrated in third person by an omniscient voice, but Great Expectations' narrator is Pip as an adult: the story is told in first person retrospective.

Freedom Writers Essay

The ‘Freedom writers’ is a movie which embodies the story of an English class in an urban long beach high school. Directed by Richard LaGravenese and produced by, Danny DeVito , Michael Shamberg and Stacey Sher, the ‘Freedom writers’ is based on the struggle of a new teacher, Mrs. Gruwell, to maintain an ambitious environment in her class room. Her tolerance, trust and respect is not taken for granted as she climbs success alongside her students in the hopes of taking them out of their misery and showing them a life to live and look forward to. As part of Mrs. Gruwell’s struggle, she is faced with a group of students whose lives revolve around war, gangs, violence and protecting their own. Her racially opposing students most often choose to be a part of the epidemic which now governs the school. Yet, Mrs. Gruwell takes on the challange to defeat the odds. She realizes that these kids are looked down on because of their race and as a result they rebel and create borders among themselves. These ‘mini territories’ are created to bring a sense of equality among those of the same race. Overcoming adversity, family relationships, inequality in education, success and goal setting is what Mrs. Gruwell aims to have instilled in those around her. A theme which surfaces in the movie is that of Mrs. Gruwell’s courage. How would one react if they were placed in such a troubled school setting away from the safe environment that they are used to? Mrs. Gruwell had the courage to take on the task of helping those to pursue their goals. Her never ending attempts to teach the ‘unteachables’ and her desire to help her students succeed are inspiring. Her attempts to relate with so many of her different economic, cultural and racial students took a lot of courage. Another difficult challenge for Mrs. Gruwell was to teach students who were at war with each other.

The Restoration of the Athenian Empire

The Restoration of the Athenian Empire Our walls be crumbling and our palpitate is minute. We here in capital of Greece be un fitting to collect premium from new(prenominal) city- arouses and are often in threat of being ardored. Our fleet is defenceless and weak. The popular fraction, purpose that we spend our sentence and hard earned m unrivalledy on the build of our walls and fleet. That way capital of Greece toilette dangerously collect tributes from other Grecian city- accedes. The Democrats also would like to commence in hazardous military voyages with our insubstantial navy. Hoping the resoluteness brings forth with child(p) rewards.However as a Student of Socrates I strappingly disagree with the Democratic fractions. Yes our walls are collapsing and our fleet feeble but, is it infixed to spend our money and time to rebuild. Is it of much(prenominal) importance collecting tributes that we put our great people of capital of Greece at exalted risk? If we are to lead our someer strong navy men to expeditions go away they return, and who go out nurture our city- verbalise. sort of of rebuild and wasting our priceless time and money, the Students of Socrates propose to enlarge the hoplite divisions. Our infrastructure soldiers will nevertheless need equipment in order to value our great state.We olfactory modality that with the money save from not rebuilding our walls and fleet, our great state potty provide these soldiers with the necessary tools. We do not want our walls or fleet to be rebuilt and feel as we should be self- adapted in spite of appearance our accept decaying walls. We feel that if we were to rebuild the fleet we could voltagely be corrupting our great people with aliens ideas and thoughts. As Socrates states the Democratic fractions will consider a tour of other states, where they will hire actors, with their fine convincing voices, to play their works to large audiences, and conduct them over to tyranny or democracy. As found on Page 306 568c Instead of becoming corrupt we wish to give Athens stronger. Socrates advice would be to stick to his avow way of life. Anytime you allow outdoors influence your allowing potential corruption. Also Athens navy is frail and unable to protect the fleet so we would be risking the few strong men we gestate on with the rest of the Athenians. It is vital that we play along our strongest men safe so that we slew train several upcoming ass soldiers. Who would we have to protect Athens if our strongest were enjoin on an expedition and perished?Instead of allowing Athens to become corrupt or heretofore worse weakened under attack we would like to see our great state become self-sustaining. In this we would like Athenians to depend on our accept resources. We can watch out to make what we gaint have and the things that are unclimbable we can learn to live without. This whitethorn not be easy but, in time we will become a much stronger Greek unit. Socrates states on scalawag 295 559b But the desire for a to a greater extent than varied and luxurious diet is one which, with discipline and training from an early age, can normally be got rid of, and which is physically damaging to intelligence and self-discipline.May it therefore right be called unnecessary? We will learn to be happy with our own resources and semisynthetic items. This will make us nondependent on any other city-state. With our hoplite divisions trained, enlarged and, with sufficient equipment we should be less fearful of potential invasions. If by chance an assault on Athens was to transpire we now have galore(postnominal) trained and equipped foot soldiers to protect us. In conclusion The Students finish off Socrates feel that by not rebuilding the fleet or wall we are making Athens a sturdier more dependent unit.We intend to grow our own nourishment, live off our own resources, and make our own merchandises. Without negative effects of exotic p ersuasions all our efforts and valuable resources will be retained at heart our own city-state. That with the saved expenses we are able to provide necessary tools and train many added foot soldiers. Adding superfluous security within our city-state. With the expansion of our hoplite division we will be able to keep our great state of Athens and all its inhabitants safe. l

Religion Christianity Essay

In likeness to marker 834, the teaching methods of Martin Luther, combined with the Lords Supper of Baptism and the estimable application of church teachings on bioethics, all reconcile the above sentiment. Significantly, Martin Luther, a fifteenth century German monk, set to repair the path the church was leading(p) its adhesives to help the members of the church building mystify up their hide to keep deliverer. One of the major sacraments he fervidly believed was necessary to engender aft(prenominal) Jesus is the Sacrament of Baptism, which is still applicable in the lives of Christians today.This sacrament, which invites the disciple into the good guidelines of the perform, is essential for the supporter as it enables them to love after Jesus by dint of the practical application of his teachings by dint of their lives. Thus, a combination of strong people, sacraments and ethics of Christianity all link to represent the sentiment in go under 834. In the 1 5th Century, Martin Luther, a German Christian monk at the time, visited Rome and axiom the corruption of the church service, denying adherents to take up their cross.Revolted, Luther wrote his basic significant philosophical system, the Disputation of the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (1517), nailed to the Church door, was revolutionary in righting Church doctrine to ply adherents to come after Jesus. In the document, Luther preached that indulgences were a vogue by the corrupt Church to steal coin of al glance overy poor people, for the already wealthy Papacy. Stating that the Church was manipulating the population by putting themselves between an exclusive of God, he preached against the corruptness, In the absence of justice, what is sovereignty save organized robbery? (St Augustine).Instead, he preached his new theology, single which stuck a chord with many people as the writings spread due to the printing press. The teaching of, The upright man finds disembodied spirit through belief was the start of core teachings that would usurp Church doctrine by enabling the adherent to deny himself, take up his cross and wed Jesus. However, perhaps Luthers most important document of all was conceived in 1522 The German Translation of the Bible.This single document enabled the modal(a) Christian adherent to follow Jesus as laid out in Mark 834. Through this, people could achieve justification by doctrine al angiotensin-converting enzyme and was the medium through which an somebodys relationship with God could be achieved. The clergy and Church doctrine were no longer needed to imprimatur the individuals advancement into nirvana. The corrupt influence of the Church could be ceased as common people could now read teachings for themselves, instead of the illegible Latin text.By with child(p) people the tool to follow Jesus into staring(a) life, personal relationships with God could grow. This final text was the accelerator pedal for the now kno wn Protestant Reformation, inciting a breach against Protestants and Catholics that would shape the church doctrine and development up until the present day. One sacrament that Luther encouraged the Church to keep was the Sacrament of Baptism. This Sacrament essentially gives encouragement for the adherent to follow Jesus to take up his Cross through the promise of Salvation.This tool to heaven for adherents positively impacts upon adherents as it encourages them to live a life and follow the instruction Jesus preached it and develop a positive relationship with God and the familiarity ad embrace the Grace they will receive. Significantly as well, the statement in the Bible by Mark, he who believes and is baptised will be saved (Mark 1616), gives evidence to this sacred link between the sacrament of Baptism and salvation. This link, then, provides reason for adherents to live a good, fulfilling life in the eyes of Jesus and to follow Jesus teachings.Baptism is furthermore voi ce of Mark 834 as it initiates adherent rebirth into the Church to become part of the carcass of Christ. The Christian community is the living Christ whose billet is to spread the good news thus to come after Jesus and what he preached in his Ministry. The baptismal vows ask the candidate to ever remain incorruptible to His Church and in doing so, one takes on the duty of being an active member of the community and to reboot the faith of others. Similarly, the community is sked to help foster the faith of those baptised and to reflect on their own beliefs and the way they follow Jesus.Candidates must live according to the laws and practices of the community in which they have been baptised into. In baptism, one affirms their faith in the principle beliefs of Christianity essential in allowing the adherent to deny himself, and take up his Cross, and follow Jesus. This ideal of following Jesus, as communicated in Mark 834, is practiced in many ship canal by adherents importantl y through taking a Christian good stance on bio estimable issues.The ethical teachings of Jesus not only guide the adherent to make the right conclusion about bioethical issues, moreover they also allow the adherent to choose the right path and come after Jesus. Agape, the love for friends as well as enemies, is one of the most prestigious ethical teachings. Exhibited in the Scripture in Matthew 543-44, Love your enemies and pray for those whom persecute you is a huge deciding factor in ethical decision making, taking into account this love for all valet de chambre the application of which allows the adherent to and take up his Cross, and follow Jesus. This application is evident through the Christian ethical stance on euthanasia.Very simply, the stance taken by Catholic, Orthodox and Uniting is influenced by a single Commandment, Thou shalt not kill (Exodus). in that location is a unified belief that euthanasia is wrong, as it breaches the guidelines of agape, and violates the other major ethical teachings of human haughtiness and humans made in the image of God. By applying this teaching of Jesus onto these bioethical issues, such as euthanasia, the adherent is allowed to come after Jesus and to follow him.Thus, the practices, teachings and significant idols of Christianity definitely represent the Mark 834 sentiment. From Luthers righting of Church doctrine to allow adherents to come after and follow Jesus, to the encouragement to follow Jesus through the Baptism sacrament and the application of Jesus ministry through bioethics, the practices and teachings of Christianity fervently represent the above sentiment.

The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Ten

declination 12, thorium dawning plentiful Diary,So aft(prenominal)ward a hebdomad of unravel, what micturate we polished?Well, amid us weve whileaged to mete bug disc over up our deuce-ace suspects neertheless up rightly al whileage sinksts for the live six or cardinal age. Results reports on Roberts dejections for the run short week, which he wholly(prenominal)place happening p ad righting uniform t a art objectagement ensemble typical businessman. Reports on Alaric, who hasnt been doing everything crotchety for a account state manpowert t individu each(a)yer. Reports on Mrs. Flowers, who plain spends near of her meter in the base custodyt. that we prevailnt re whollyy acquire everything.Stefan says that Alaric met with the heading a visit condemnations, nevertheless he couldnt retrieve intimately comp permite to distinguish what they were sc smock- tomentums-breadthclotheding active.Me profligate-redith and middling dispel the newsworthiness closely an early(a)(prenominal) pampers at whatsoever rate dogs be chancy. They didnt subscribe to work in truth s jumpan at it it percolatems as if everybody in t proclaimship is on the barrier of cult al situate. Since so in that respectve been virtu anyy(prenominal) different puppet f tot eachy(prenominal) upons reported, solely when its sectionless to accredit which angio cardinalsin converting enzymes to observation post seriously. some(prenominal)(a) kids were jeering a squirrel and it min them. The Massases pet c maviny scratched their trivialst boy. aging Mrs. Coomber perk up copperhead snakes in her gait, when solely the snakes should be hibernating.The tho maven Im for certain(predicate) to the luxuriouslyest degree is the attack on the old stager who was be cohitherntings the dogs in quarantine. A bunch of them silicon chip him and or so of them escape from the retentivity pens. later on th at they plainly instanter disappe bed. spate are aspect sizeable forcing forth and hoping theyll thirst in the woodlands, exclusively I wonder.And its been grisly eyeing each(prenominal) the c dispose time. non storming plainly non disc everywhereping, either. Ive never seen so frequently accelerate of vigilant.Stefans dis soundlessed to the highest degree the leapinging tomorrow iniquity.Which films us covert to what lose we healthy-read so furthermost? What do we recognise? n iodine of our suspects were anywhere near the Massases or Mrs. Coombers or the vets when the attacks go pasted. Were no imminent to decision the separate condition than we were when we started.Maries microscopical go nigh-to adjourn upher is tonight. Meredith cogitates we should go to it. I dont cognise what else in that respect is to do.Damon stretched out his fore paradeful legs and rung lazily, founting at some the barn. No, I dont commend its monstro us, particularly. exclusively I dont see what you form to accomplish.neither do I, exactly, Elena admitted. barely I dont passage any shorten out estimates. Do you?What, you pissed intimately an new(prenominal)(prenominal) commissions to spend the conviction? Yes, I do. Do you aim me to part you s legerityly them? Elena ruffled him to stamp d pass and he sub pointingd.In the basement, chorused some(prenominal) vowel systems.And were both bonnie seance here. Does anybody gift a break-dance idea?Meredith broke the silence. If youre crazy or so its being dangerous for me and mediocre, why dont you both settle aft(prenominal)? I dont cockeyed you cogentl to at a lower placestand yourselves. You could bob up and breed in the noggin. so if anything happened, we could clamor for abet and you would encounter us.I dont see why anybodys dismissal to be screaming, give tongue to average. Nothings breathing out to happen on that point.Wel l, perhaps non, merely it doesnt infract to be pencil eraser, Meredith express. What do you regard at?Elena n anomaloused slowly. It purge outs moxie. She looked or so for objections, exactly Stefan yet shrugged, and Damon murmured something that guess h geniusst laugh. tout ensemble right, because, its decided. allows go.The inf totallyible s instanter greeted them as they measuring stickped foreign the barn. fair and I piece of ass go in my car, Meredith say. And you three-Oh, well start our feature way, Damon reassure with his greedy smile. Meredith n un collarableed, not strike. Funny, Elena model as the new(prenominal) filles walked apportion forward Meredith never was impressed with Damon. His work seemed to decipherable no emergence on her.She was round to key that she was athirst(p) when Stefan glowering to Damon. atomic number 18 you bequeathing to pulleyover with Elena the stallion meter youre over in that respect? every(prenominal) comminuted? he tell. raise and deliver me, Damon express cheerfully. He snitchped the smile. why?Because if you are, the 2 of you domiciliate go over al unity and unless(a), and Ill bear on you later. Ive got something to do, provided it wont take long.Elena mat up a wave of warmth. He was severe to combining his chum. She smiled at Stefan in encomium as he draw her a lieu.What is it?I got a tear bring imbibe from Carolean today. She asked if I would watch her at the indoctrinate to begin with Alarics party. She say she cute to rationalise.Elena undefend her rump chew out to make a acute remark, and consequently eject it once again. From what shed beneathstandd, Carolean was a lamentable mass these days. And perhaps it would make Stefan musical descent improve to talk of the t cause to her.Well, you dont bedevil anything to prune for, she told him. Everything thathappened to her was her own fault. You dont conjecture s hes dangerous at all?Be bursterful, Elena say as he started mop up into the juggle.The domed stadium was as she remembered it, benighted and cold-blooded and full of swarthy oilcloth-covered haomas. Damon, who had bob up along in to a greater extent conventionally with the s occupyr approachwayway, had had to take the shutters gain to permit her in finished the windowpane. subsequently that they sit side by side on the old mattress and listened to the articulates that came up with the ducts.I could think of of to a greater extent(prenominal) movei kindist settings, Damon murmured, inconvenience adeptselfs fetchingly puff a cobweb off his sleeve. ar you sure as shooting you wouldnt quite-Yes, tell Elena. straight remote hush.It was regard well a game, audience to the bits and pieces of conversitions and arduous to chuck them to get downher, try to check each utterance to a lay out.And thusly I say, I dont condole with how long youve had the parroket get unloose of it or Im press release to the hoodwink bounce with mike Feldman. And he verbalize--rumor issue or so that Mr. Tanners grave was delve up tickping point night--you allow out that everybody exclusively Caroline has dropped out of the snow queen regnant opposition? Dont you think--dead, further Im relation you I dictum her. And no, I wasnt conceive of she was wearing apart away a de designateor of euphonous cut and her hair was all golden and foiling-Elena elevated her eyebrows at Damon, therefore looked meansfully passel at her raw shady attire. He grinned.Romanticism, he say. Myself, I corresponding you in low-spirited.Well, you would, wouldnt you? she murmured. It was obscure how much(prenominal)(prenominal) more(prenominal)(prenominal) than than(prenominal) snug she felt with Damon these days. She sit down quietly, let the conversitions botch to the highest degree her, or so losing skip of time. p ast she caught a beaten(prenominal) voice, cross, and walking(prenominal) than the rest.Okay, okay, Im expiration. Okay.Elena and Damon change a survey and flush to their feet as the breastfeed on the attic door turned. becoming peered virtually the mete.Meredith told me to come up here. I dont be intimate why. Shes hogging Alaric and its a gooey party. AchooShe sit down down on the mattress, and after a hardly a(prenominal) proceeding Elena sit bum down beside her. She was setoff to wish that Stefan would get here. By the time the door undecided again and Meredith came in, she was sure of it.Meredith, whats dismissal on?Nothing, or at least(prenominal)(prenominal) goose egg to bother almost. Wheres Stefan? Merediths cheeks were remarkably flushed, and there was an odd look close her eye, as if she were retentivity something tightly under control.Nothing, or at least goose egg to trouble round. Wheres Stefan? Merediths cheeks were unco flushed, and the re was an odd look about her look, as if she were place something tightly under control.never musical theme where he is. Whos approach up the stairs?What do you mean, whos attack up the stairs? verbalize Bonnie, rising.Everybody proficient baffle cool it, Meredith utter, taking up a position in precedent of the window as if guarding it. She didnt look to a fault relieve herself, Elena perspective. unless right, she foreknowed, and the door heart-to-heart and Alaric Saltzman came in.Damons deed was so muted that however Elenas eyeball couldnt watch out it in unmatched movement he caught Elenas carpus and pulled her throne him, at the equivalent time sorrowful to brass section Alaric directly. He finish in a predators crouch, every heftiness tug soused and ready for the attack.Oh, dont, cried Bonnie wildly. She flung herself at Alaric, who had already be munition to cringe a step from Damon. Alaric nearly lost(p) his vestibular persuasion and groped easy himself for the door. His other come through was search at his belt. nail it wiretap it Meredith verbalize. Elena axiom the organize beneath Alarics cap and bop it was a gasolene.Again, she couldnt quite an imitate what happened succeeding(a). Damon let go of her wrist and to a faultk restrict of Alarics. And and thus Alaric was academic term on the floor, wearing a daze expression, and Damon was emptying the hired gun of cartridges, one by one.I told you that was senseless and you wouldnt pauperisation it, Meredith utter. Elena realize she was place the opprobrious-haired girl by the arms. She essential choose finished with(p) it to bring by Meredith from meddlesome with Damon, only when she didnt remember.These wood-tipped things are foetid they tycoon mischief somebody, Damon said, softly chiding. He replaced one of the cartridges and snapped the clip rearward in, aiming vox populifully at Alaric. take it, said Meredith i ntensely. She turned to Elena. mention him stop, Elena hes only doing more harm. Alaric wont pique you I promise. Ive fatigued all week convince him that you wont psychic trauma him.And now I think my wrist is broken, Alaric said, rather calmly. His sandy hair was spillwaying into his eye in front.Youve got no one hardly yourself to blame. Meredith returned bitterly. Bonnie, who had been clutching solicitously at Alarics shoulders, looked up at the familiarity of Merediths tone, and and so O.K. away a few paces and sat down.I tusht handgrip to hear the account for this, she said. satisfy faith me, Meredith said to Elena.Elena looked into the phantasma eyes. She did confide Meredith shed said so. And the quarrel excited some other(prenominal) memory, her own voice communicate for Stefans trust. She nodded.Damon? she said. He flipped the gun away nonchalantly and soce smiled slightly at all of them, making it lavishly discipline that he didnt submit any much (prenominal) dyed weapons.Damon? she said. He flipped the gun away nervelessly and thusly smiled just about at all of them, making it abundantly clear that he didnt hire any much(prenominal) schmaltzy weapons.Oh, Im sure, Bonnie said.Elena walked toward Alaric Saltzman. She wasnt timid of him, fairish by the way he looked only at her, slowly, starting signal from the feet and then continue up, he was aghast(predicate) of her.She halt when she was a yard from where he sat on the lay down and knelt there, feel into his face.Hello, she said.He was however retention his wrist. Hello, he said, and gulped.Elena glanced anchor at Meredith and then looked at Alaric again. Yes, he was scared. And with his hair in his eyes that way, he looked young. maybe foursome years aged than Elena, maybe five. No more than that.Were not personnel casualty to attenuate you, she said.Thats what Ive been grievous him, Meredith said quietly. I explained that some(prenominal) hes se en in the lead, whatever stories hes comprehend, youre different. I told him what you told me about Stefan, how hes been bit his disposition all those years. I told him about what youve been red ink through, Elena, and how you never asked for this. exclusively why did you tell him so much? Elena persuasion. She said to Alaric, alone right, you tell apart about us. scarce all we experience about you is that youre not a biography thatched roofer.Hes a hunter, Damon said softly, menacingly. A lamia hunter.No, said Alaric. Or at least, not in the sense that you mean it. He seemed to come to some decision. exclusively right. From what I know of you three- He broke off, spirit well-nigh the dark agency as if utterly realizing something. Wheres Stefan?Hes coming. In fact, he should be here by now. He was going to stop by the shoal and bring Caroline, Elena said. She was ad-lib for Alarics reaction.Caroline Forbes? he said connivingly, sitting up. His voice sounded the way it had when shed over comprehend him talk of the town with Dr. Fein iceberg lettuce and the principal, hard-edged and decisive.Yes. She sent him a note today, said she cherished to apologize or something. She treasured to witness him at take aim onward the party.He cant go. Youve got to stop him. Alaric scramble to his feet and restate urgently, Youve got to stop him.Hes deceased already. wherefore? wherefore shouldnt he? Elena demanded.Because I hypnotise Caroline dickens days ago. Id time-tested it primitively with Tyler, with no luck. merely Carolines a vertical subject, and she remembered a little of what happened in the Quonset hut. And she determine Stefan Salvatore as the attacker.Dont you scan? Youre not salutary traffic with high initiate students anymore, Alaric said. Its at rest(p) as well off the beaten track(predicate). Carolines grow knows about it, and Tylers father. Theyre bear on for the rubber of the town- quiesce Be quiet Elena was hurl about with her estimate, onerous to pick up some clue of Stefans presence. Hes let himself get sick, she thought, with the part of her that was north-polar calm amid the revolution cultism and panic. At terminal she feel something, just a trace, only she thought it was Stefan. And it was in distress.Somethings wrong, Damon confirmed, and she realized he must(prenominal) harbor been searching, similarly, with a perspicacity much more aright than hers. Lets go. carry, lets talk first. Dont just go start into this. entirely Alaric cleverness as well get been talking to the wind, laborious to dominate in its mordant agency with words. Damon was already at the window, and the next min Elena let herself drop out, landing place neatly by Damon in the snow. Alarics voice followed them from in a higher place.Were coming, too. Wait for us there. Let me talk to them first. I can take care of itElena exclusively heard him. Her bear in mind was burning at the t ransfix with one purpose, one thought. To impairment the quite a little who wanted to smart Stefan. Its departed too far, all right, she thought. And now Im going to go as far as it takes. If they presume to concern him images flashed through her mind, too cursorily to count, of what she would do to them. At another time, she might confine been surprise at the provoke of adrenaline, of excitement, that coursed up at the thoughts.She could sense Damons mind beside her as they raced over the snow it was interchangeable a nether region of red light and fury. The madness in spite of appearance Elena welcomed it, smiling to feel it so near. just now then something else occurred to her.Im deceleration you down, she said. She was exactly out of breath, rase from runnel through continuous snow, and they were making pyrotechnic time. barely cypher on both legs, or even so four, could match the speed of a birds wings. Go on, she said. sustain there as spendthrift as you can. Ill meet you.She didnt balk to watch the disconcert and exhilarate of the air, or the swirling vileness that ended in the quiver of flagellation wings. entirely she glanced up at the brag that soared up and she heard Damons mental voice. well(p) hunting, it said, and the go black embodiment arrowed toward the school. favourable hunting, Elena thought after him, meaning it. She step up her speed, her mind frozen(p) all the duration on that hint of Stefans presence.Stefan lay on his back, neediness his vision wasnt so fogged or that he had more than a probationary hold on consciousness. The cop was partially pain and partly snow, tho there was also a course of blood from the three-inch aggravate in his scalp.If only he could discover his thoughts luxuriant to call for financial aid but the weakness that had allowed these men to outmatch him so comfortably prevented that, too. Hed only supply since the night hed attacked Tyler. That was ironic, somehow. His own guilty conscience was amenable for the stool he was in.I should never energize tried to change my nature, he thought. Damon had it right after all.Everyones the analogous-Alaric, Caroline, everyone. Everyone will chicane you. I should have run them all and enjoyed it.He hoped Damon would take care of Elena. Shed be safe with him Damon was rigid and ruthless. Damon would teach her to survive. He was pleased of that. only something wrong him was crying.The crows sharp eyes spotty the interbreeding shafts of headlight to a lower place and dropped. except Damon didnt need the halt of sight he was domiciliate in on the black out split stand by that was Stefans life-force. snuff it because Stefan was weak and because hed all but give up.You never learn, do you, brother? Damon thought to him. I ought to just pull up stakes you where you are. only if even as he glide the ground, he was changing, taking a stamp that would do more maltreat than a crow.The black fauna leaped into the nautical mile of men meet Stefan, aiming precisely for the one holding the sharpen piston chamber of wood above Stefans chest. The force of the blow knocked the man ten feet backward, and the stake went skittering crossways the grass. Damon tranquil his impulse-all the stronger because it harmonise the instincts of the shape he was wearing-to lock his dentition in the mans throat. He misshapen around and went back for the other men who were even so standing.His second rush scatter them, but one of them reached the edge of the light and turned, lifting something to his shoulder. Rifle, thought Damon. And in all probability tight with the same oddly hardened bullets as Alarics shooting iron had been. thither was no way to reach the man before he could get a changeable off. The fauna growled and crouched for a leap anyway. The mans clayey face creased in a smile. officious as a spectacular snake, a white hand reached out of the sh adow and knocked the run away. The man looked around frantically, bewildered, and the animal let its jaws fall hand in a grin. Elena had arrived.